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Algorithms

Learn Algorithms as a connected topic across chapters, concepts, simulations, and interview reasoning.

10 Concepts31 Articles8h 16m

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Learn Algorithms as a connected topic across chapters, concepts, simulations, and interview reasoning.

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Data Structures
Coding Interview
Java
System Design

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Article 1HyperLogLog Explained: Counting Billions of Unique Items with 12 KBTLDR: HyperLogLog estimates the number of distinct elements in a dataset using ~12 KB of memory regardless of cardinality — with ±0.81% error. The insight: if you hash every element to a random bit st18 minArticle 2Count-Min Sketch Explained: Frequency Estimation at Streaming ScaleTLDR: Count-Min Sketch (CMS) is a fixed-size d × w counter matrix that estimates how often any element has appeared in a stream. Insert: hash the element with each of the d hash functions to get one c22 minArticle 3Bloom Filters Explained: Membership Testing with Zero False NegativesTLDR: A Bloom filter is a bit array of m bits + k independent hash functions that sets k bits on insert and checks those same k bits on lookup. If any checked bit is 0, the element is definitely not i19 minArticle 4Big O Notation Explained: Time Complexity, Space Complexity, and Why They Matter in InterviewsTLDR: Big O notation describes how an algorithm's resource usage grows as input size grows — not how fast it runs on your laptop. Learn to identify the 7 complexity classes (O(1) through O(n!)), deriv34 minArticle 5Probabilistic Data Structures: A Practical Guide to Bloom Filters, HyperLogLog, and Count-Min SketchTLDR: Probabilistic data structures trade a small, bounded probability of being wrong for orders-of-magnitude better memory efficiency and O(1) speed. Bloom Filters answer "definitely not in this set"14 minArticle 6Two Pointer Technique: Solving Pair and Partition Problems in O(n)TLDR: Place one pointer at the start and one at the end of a sorted array. Move them toward each other based on a comparison condition. Every classic pair/partition problem that naively runs in O(n²) 16 min

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